It will also allow the parties to gradually increase their contribution to the fight against climate change in order to achieve the long-term objectives of the agreement. Under the Paris Agreement, richer countries, such as the United States, are expected to send $100 billion in aid annually to the poorest countries by 2020. And this amount will increase over time. Like the other provisions of the agreement, this is not an absolute mandate. A study published in 2018 reports a threshold where temperatures could rise to 4 or 5 degrees above the pre-industrial level (ambiguous expression, continuity would be “4-5 °C”), thanks to self-concretizing feedbacks in the climate system, indicating that this threshold is below the 2 degree target set in the Paris Climate Agreement. Study author Katherine Richardson points out, “We find that, in its history, the Earth has never had a near-stable state about 2°C warmer than pre-industrial and we suggest that there is a considerable risk that the system itself, because of all these other processes, will want,” even if we stop emissions. This doesn`t just mean reducing emissions, but much more. [96] While the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement aim to combat climate change, there are important differences between them. The backbone of the Paris Agreement is the overall goal of keeping global average temperatures by 2°C until the end of the century (compared to pre-Industrial Revolution temperatures. . . .
